What Are the Different Types of Depression?

Depression is not a one-size-fits-all mental health condition. Many may be familiar with the term, but few realize the complexity and diversity of depressive disorders.

Understanding the different types of depression can provide insight into why certain treatments may work for some and not for others and why what seems like depression may actually be a symptom of another underlying condition.

Understanding Depression

Depression is a common but serious mood disorder that negatively affects how you feel, think and handle daily activities. It’s characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness and a lack of interest or pleasure in activities. However, depression can present itself in various forms, each with its own nuances and symptoms

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Major Depressive Disorder, or MDD, is what most people think of when they hear the word “depression.” It’s characterized by intense feelings of sadness, emptiness or hopelessness that last for at least two weeks. MDD can also involve changes in sleep patterns, appetite, energy levels and concentration. It can lead to physical symptoms such as aches and pains and can severely impact an individual’s ability to function at work or at home.

Symptoms of major depressive disorder

• Persistent sad, anxious or “empty” mood
• Loss of interest in hobbies and activities
• Feelings of guilt, worthlessness or helplessness
• Difficulty concentrating and making decisions
• Changes in sleep and appetite
• Thoughts of death or suicide

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

Persistent Depressive Disorder, also known as dysthymia, is a chronic form of depression where symptoms last for at least two years. It may not feel as intense as major depression, but its long duration can significantly affect a person’s quality of life. People with dysthymia may describe their mood as consistently gloomy and they may struggle with low self-esteem and an overall feeling of inadequacy.

Symptoms of persistent depressive disorder

• Chronic depressed mood for most of the day, more days than not
• Poor appetite or overeating
• Insomnia or hypersomnia
• Low energy or fatigue
• Low self-esteem
• Difficulty with concentration or decision-making
• Feelings of hopelessness

Bipolar Depression

Bipolar depression is one phase of bipolar disorder, a condition formerly known as manic depression. It’s marked by periods of extremely elevated mood or irritability (mania or hypomania) followed by episodes of depression. The depressive episodes in bipolar disorder can be similar to those of Major Depressive Disorder but are usually interspersed with these high-energy phases.

Symptoms of bipolar depression

• Feeling hopeless, sad or empty
• Irritability
• Loss of energy
• Feelings of guilt or worthlessness
• Changes in sleep patterns
• Difficulty concentrating
• Thoughts of death or suicide

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Seasonal Affective Disorder is a type of depression that’s related to changes in seasons. Most commonly, SAD symptoms start in the fall and continue into the winter months, sapping your energy and making you feel moody. Less commonly, SAD can cause depression in the spring or early summer.

Symptoms of seasonal affective disorder

• Feeling depressed most of the day, nearly every day
• Losing interest in activities you once enjoyed
• Changes in appetite or weight
• Problems with sleep
• Feeling sluggish or agitated
• Having difficulty concentrating
• Frequent thoughts of death or suicide

Atypical Depression

Atypical depression is characterized by mood reactivity. This means that the person’s mood can improve in response to positive events. However, even with this distinct feature, atypical depression can be debilitating. It includes a pattern of symptoms that differ from those of typical depression, such as increased appetite or weight gain.

Symptoms of atypical depression

• Mood reactivity (mood brightens in response to positive events)
• Significant weight gain or increase in appetite
• Excessive sleepiness or sleep for long periods
• Heaviness in the arms or legs
• Long-standing pattern of sensitivity to rejection

Postpartum Depression

Postpartum depression is a complex mix of physical, emotional and behavioral changes that occur in some women after giving birth. It’s more than just “baby blues”; postpartum depression can cause severe mood swings, exhaustion and a sense of hopelessness that makes it difficult for new mothers to take care of themselves and their babies.

Symptoms of postpartum depression

• Severe mood swings
• Difficulty bonding with your baby
• Withdrawal from family and friends
• Loss of appetite or overeating
• Insomnia or sleeping too much
• Overwhelming fatigue
• Intense irritability and anger
• Feelings of shame, guilt or inadequacy
• Difficulty thinking clearly, concentrating or making decisions
• Thoughts of harming yourself or your baby

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) that includes emotional and physical symptoms that usually start days before a woman begins her period and typically goes away after menstruation starts. PMDD symptoms are more severe than those of PMS and can have a significant impact on a woman’s life.

Symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder

• Mood swings or crying spells
• Increased sensitivity to rejection
• Irritability or anger
• Depression or feelings of hopelessness
• Anxiety or tension
• Decreased interest in usual activities
• Difficulty concentrating
• Fatigue or lack of energy
• Changes in appetite
• Sleep problems
• Physical symptoms, such as bloating

The Importance of Proper Diagnosis and Treatment

Each type of depression has its own treatment approach and what works for one person may not work for another. It’s crucial to understand the specific type of depression you or a loved one may have to receive the most effective treatment. Consulting with a mental health professional is the first step to getting the right diagnosis and support.

Get Help for Depression in Indiana

Depression comes in many forms and understanding the different types of depressive disorders is important for treatment and management. Major Depressive Disorder, Persistent Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Depression, Seasonal Affective Disorder, Atypical Depression, Postpartum Depression and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder are all valid and challenging experiences that require tailored approaches.

If you are asking yourself questions like “what kind of depression do I have” or “how do I get past feeling like this,” then the time might be now to reach out for professional help. Bloomington Meadows Hospital, located in Bloomington, Indiana, is here for you. Our mental health programs can make a difference in your life today.

In case of a mental health crisis, CALL 988 or seek the nearest emergency room.

For physical health emergencies, CALL 911 or seek the nearest emergency room.

Bloomington Meadows Hospital

Bloomington Meadows Hospital specializes in providing each patient with a comprehensive behavioral and mental health counseling programs from a compassionate and caring staff. We pride ourselves on being dedicated to helping patients restore their health and obtain a fresh start.

We under that every person is unique, so all of our treatment plans and mental health counseling programs are individually designed to meet specific needs. Some of our services include our adults and children & adolescents programs, as well as our intensive outpatient programs.

We’re committed to the wellness of our patients, their families and the communities we serve. To schedule a no-cost assessment or for more information, please call 800-972-4410.